INTERMISSION 🙞 Book of Isaiah - PART 1 of the Macro walk through
Truley though I would be lost without the work of individuals like Bullinger and Lowthe. Their books have laid the ground work with good study and exegesis that have really taught and are training me.
The book of Isaiah has never made more sense to me. All the sequences and puzzle pieces are really standing out. The literary intelligence of the book of Isaiah is mad af. I'm sure I don't have everything figured out or have things wrong but I have to start building my hypothesis.
You can check out the intro of my post Break down of book of psalms if you want to understand my note taking process a little better. And as always, all literary elements and figures of speech are put in bold. But there will not be many noted as my purpose in this walk-through is to make big picture observations and make connections between the chapters through cotext and context as well as with NT passages.
I advise you to read the chapters first or while going through these notes. I will at another time go through verse by verse of each chapter like I did in my first Isaiah post and mark down as many figures of speech at work that I can find. In PART 1 we will look at CH 1-27 which is A,B,C,D.
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Overview charts:
By CORRESPONDENCE with CHIASMUS the Subject & Theme scheme through chiastic structure.
A] B] C] D] ------- D'] C'] B'] A'] | CH. 1-5: REPREHENSORY (chastisement). Exhortations. PROPHETIC. CH. 6: The Cleansing & The Commission of Isaiah to give the word of the Lord. THE VOICE FROM THE TEMPLE (heaven). The Scattering. CH. 7-12: HISTORIC. Events and Prophecies (Ahaz). Punishment of Lord - Assyrian Invasion. Reward of Lord – installment of Messiah (new government/dispensation). CH. 13-27: BURDENS/DOOMS (divine wrath/judgment). Alternated with Israel's MERCY & DELIVEANCE. Then Israel's & nations forgiveness - installment of new gov. (Gods kingdom). CH. 28-35: WOES/IMPRECATIONS. Alternated w/ Israels RECOMPENSE (passive mercy & deliverance). Then Israel's & nations forgiveness - installment of new gov. (YHWH glorified). CH 36-39: HISTORIC. Events and Prophecies (Hezekiah). CH 40: The Cleansing & The Commission of the people to make way for the Lord. The VOICE FROM THE WILDERNESS (earth). The Gathering. CH 41 - 66: EXALTATION (Glorification of the Lord). Promissory. PROPHETIC. |
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A
B C D ------- D' C' B' A' |
Chastisement of people. Exhortations. Ruination. Prophetic. Destruction of the old government – removal of earthly kings The voice from the Temple (heaven). Scattering. Vengeance. Historic. Wicked king (Ahaz). Foretelling of Messiah Burdens/Dooms (divine punishment) alternated with mercy & deliverance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Woes/Imprecations (Purification) alternated with recompense Historic. Righteous king (Hezekiah). Foretelling of Messiah The voice from the Wilderness (earth). Gathering. Restoration. Glorification of God. Exaltations. Promissory. Prophetic. Installment of the new government – placement of heavenly king (Messiah) |
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THEMES |
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Exhortations – Exaltation |
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Deliverance/mercy – Recompense |
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Divine Judgement/Wrath – Purification |
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Vengeance – Restoration (ruination– promissory or damnation – redemption) |
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Old government (wicked) – New government (righteous) |
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ALLUDING TO JESUS |
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CH 4:2 |
- the branch |
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CH 7:14-16 |
- a child born of a virgin who eats curd and honey |
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CH 9:6-7: |
- a child, new government, sit on the throne of David. -New names: Wonderful counselor, mighty God, eternal Father, Prince of Peace. |
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CH 11: |
-a shoot, a branch. -The Spirit will rest on Him. Mention of the 7 eyes/faces of the Spirit: The Spirit of the Lord, the Spirit of wisdom, the Spirit of understanding, the Spirit of counsel, the Spirit of strength, the Spirit of knowledge, the Spirit of the fear of the Lord. -the wolf will lay dwell with the lamb...and a little boy will lead them. |
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CH 22:22 |
- the key of David. When He opens no one will shut. When He shuts no one will open. |
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CH 28:16-22 |
- a cornerstone for the foundation.
He will cancel the covenant with Sheol. |
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A] ISAIAH CHAPTERS 1-5: REPREHENSORY & PROPHETIC. Exhortations.
Literary: Figurative language to describe Divine Judgment, storytelling, exhortation rather than lament. A lot of allegory.
CHAPTER 1: vs 2. announcement/declaration/proclamation to heavens and earth of Judah and Jersulams judgment.
Judah and Jerusalem Judged.
Here we have exhortations.
CHAPTER 2: vs.2-11 'it will come about in the last days'. It's easy to go straight toward end times (it is passively alluding to this). But the idea of this phrase here is actually to tell Judah and Jerusalem their end – that is: they will be judged (ch 1), but in the end they will be restored (ch 2). This is literally stated in ch 1:25-26. I will turn My hand against you and then I will restore you. Antithesis between ch1 & 2.
Vs 2- the mountain of the house of Israel, established as chief mountain.
This chapter is about the abasement of all mankind and exaltation of the Lord.
vs.12-22 – all the world will be abased/torn down/have the hand of the Lord stretched out against them. The pride of mankind will be humbled.
Divine Judgment – prophecy.
CHAPTER 3: Judgment of the Lord poured out on Israel. Here we have reprehension and Maledicto or imprecation. Specific judgment on Jerusalem - politics, society, goods and commerce etc. Also specific judgment on women vs 16-26. This is Merismos – listing parts for with the whole. This is done to show how completely the Lord will destroy Israel. It also shows how completely corruption has spread into every aspect of the nation.
CCHAPTER 4: This is the future glory/ restoration of Israel. Mention of the Branch- alluding to Jesus the Messiah.
Vs 4 – linked to ch 1:16, 25 'the filth'
CHAPTER 5: 6 woes given.
Allegory by extended Hypocatastasis – Jerusalem the vineyard. Vs 1-7 covers the offense of the vineyard and the judgment of the owner/well beloved. The Lords requital – avenging the wrongdoing.
vs 7 - Paronomasia – two uses right in a row. This is similar sounding words to draw attention – equity/inequity....right/might. Most often translated as justice or judgement/oppression or bloodshed...righteousness/distress or a cry.
translated
REF – Luke 20:9-16
Vs 8-30 imprecation and divine wrath/judgement. Epibole – woe is repeated 6 times in a row.
Vs 13 – REF Hosea...
vs 14 – all these female pronouns indicate that the nouns belong to Sheol.
Vs 20 – introversion...antithesis?
Vs 26-30 – Word Picture of the executioners of Gods judgements – hypotyposis.
Vs 27 REF pslam 121:3-4 – slumber or sleep – means get tired or need rest by metonymy.
B] CHAPTER 6: THE CLEANSING and THE COMISSION of Isaiah to give the word of the Lord.
THE VOICE FROM THE TEMPLE (heaven). The Scattering.
Vs 1 – I saw: Isaiah is in the vision – this I saw is speaking from within the vision now contrasted against ch 1'i saw' which could better translated as 'I visioned/prophesied'. This is telling us Isaiah is in the heavenly realms, he is standing in the courts of the Lord.
Vs 2 – paneanismos – songs of exultation. The heavens exalt the Lord. THE VOICE FROM THE TEMPLE.
The glory of the Lord lays bare our unworthiness/dirtiness. Also Isaiah needed to be cleansed before he could give this prophecy. There the Lord cleanses him with a burning coal.
THE SCATTERING – is God stretching out His hand agaisnt Israel – thus a time for throwing stones (Ecc 3). The Lord cut off closeness.
C] CH. 7-12: HISTORIC. Events and Prophecies (Ahaz). Punishment of Lord - Assyrian Invasion.
Reward of Lord – installment of Messiah (new government/dispensation).
CHAPTER 7 – 12: HISTORIC – events and prophecies.
Vs. 1-13: Historical events. Armenians camp against Ephraim.
Vs 14-16: prophecy of Jesus. The messiah. Mention of a child.
vs 17-25 – foretelling of Assyrian Invasion.
CHAPTER 8:
vs 1-4: mention of a child.
Vs 5-8: the Assyrian invasion.
Vs 9-22: prophecy-judgment/wrath/condemnation/punishment.
Vs 9 - 'make friendships' or 'join together oh peoples/nations' . My translation does not show this.
Vs 10 - 'take counsel together'
Vs 15 – phrase: the Lord will whistle. Linked to ch 5:26.
CHAPTER 9: prophecy – redemption/reward/blessing/salvation/deliverance.
Vs 6-7: mention a child. Prophecy of Jesus. The messiah. Also mention of new government or new dispensation. New names given to Him.
Vs 8-21: prophecy. The wrath of the Lord/judgement on Israel by the hand of their enemies. The hand of the Lord is still stretched out.
CHAPTER 10: Prophecy – wrath turned back on Assyria for taking credit and not acknowledging the Lord. We see in ch 9 the Lord used Assyria to punish Israel and now the Lord will turn back and punish Assyria.
Vs 1-4: woes- imprecations to Israel or Assyria? Can't tell.
Vs 5-14 woes- imprecation and judgement to Assyria. Hand of the Lord against Assyria.
Vs 15-19: prophecy of judgement against both Assyria and Israel? The complete destruction mentioned?
Vs 20-34: redemption of Israel. A remnant will return. The deliverance after the wrath fo the Lord by Assyria's hand.
-----------------------Egyptian captivity was 1429BC-1313BC
-----------------------Assyrian captivity was 722BC-734BC.
-----------------------Babylonian captivity 598BC – 538BC
Is this remnant referred to the one that returns from the Assyrian captivity? Also remember that it is 10 northern tribes of Israel that go into the Assyrian captivity which are: Reuben, Simeon, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Manasseh, Ephraim. While Judah and Benjiman (along with part of Levi) did not until the Babylonian captivity.
CHAPTER 11: Prophecy of the Messiah Jesus. Jesus as a shoot and branch. Redemption of Israel after the prideful nation is punished. New government or new dispensation.
Vs 6-9: predator and prey together. Innocent child and deadly dangers making peace. This indicates the Messiahs full authority. Or maybe all the troubles of the world ended by His full authority.
Vs 11-16: restoration. A remnant returns and Israel has victory over his enemies.
A second remnant is mentioned. Is one the remnant that returns after the Babylonian captivity or the remnant of the end days?
CHAPTER 12: THANKSGIVING FOR DELIVERANCE. Trust has been put back in the Lord.
D] CH. 13-27: BURDENS/DOOMS (divine wrath/judgment). Alternated with Israel's MERCY & DELIVEANCE. Then Israel's & nations forgiveness - installment of new gov. (Gods kingdom).
Consider the two words Burden/doom & Woe: synonimia. Two words similar in meaning but different in origin and sound. Also pathos – These woes are imprecation by Maledicto.
CH 13-24 gave us 9 burdens/dooms, 1 woe. CH 28-33 – gives us 6 woes, 1 burden.
Remember that recompense and deliverance go hand and hand. They are the same coin but opposite sides (You can read through my psalms of ascents project where it expounds on this). Wow, through Chiasmus this theme is masterfully displayed throughout D, D'.
CHAPTER 13: the massah concerning Babylon. This gets translated as oracle or prophecy but that leads the reader astray. Vocab: massah – burden, load, doom, foretelling.
Vs 1-16: prophecy - doom for the whole world. This is setting us up for all the burdens/dooms that get laid out in chapters 13-27. Thus it is a type of correspondence/parallelism. And everything else is under epidiogesis – retelling and providing more detail.
Vs 17-22 – Babylon's burden/doom.
Vs 19 – linked to vs ch 1:9-10
CHAPTER 14: Babylon's destruction, their doom/burden.
VS1-3: Israel when the Lord has restored them will be the master over other nations (servants).
vs 3-21 – specifically over Babylon. These verses are Israels taunt.
Vs 12-15 – parallel imagery between Babylon and the adversary.
Vs 24 – linked to ch 55:10-11. Nothing can escape the will of the Lord.
Vs 24-27 – breaking Assyria's yoke over Israel (Israel delivered/hand of the Lord agaisnt nations).
Vs 28 – 32: burden/doom for Philistia.
CHAPTER 15-16: burden/doom for Moab
vs 16:5 – Israel rule over Moad
CHPATER 17: VS 1-14 : burden/doom of Damascus
CHAPTER 18: 1-7 we get a woe(imprecation) here of Cush/ Ethiopia
CHAPTER 19-20: burden of Egypt
vs ch19:16-24 : the Lord will heal and bless Egypt. Egypt, Assyria and Israel will unit and all be worshipping the rightful Lord.
VS ch 20 – burden of Egypt and Ethiopia – naked and barefoot lead captive.
CHAPTER 21 vs 1-10: burden/doom od Desert of sea country (Babylon).
Vs 11,12: burden / doom of Edom (Dumah)
vs 13-17: burden / doom of Arabia (Kedar?)
CHAPTER 22: burden/ doom of the Valley of Vision (Persian invasion).
Vs 15-25: Judgement on Shebna and Eliakim.
Vs 22:22: mercy. mention of the key of David. Reference of Jesus. Linked to rev 3:7
CHAPTER 23 1-18: burden / doom of Tyre
CHAPTER 24: burden/ doom of the whole earth
Exegesios – a retelling with more explaining. Is this simply a recap of the doom that was just given in the preceding chapters? Actually this feels like another oracle or doom given for the earth. the Lord lays waste to the world. A curse devours the world.
Consider vocab: aretz can mean land or earth in general but it also can specifically refer to the nation of Isreal (that land geographically). If so, then this is a doom on Israel.
vs 3: everyone will be the same.
Vs 7-14: all joy turns into gloom
14-15: they cry out in the west concerning the majesty of the Lord. They glorify the lord in the east. But the Lord says 'woe is me', 'they deal treacherousness'.
Vs 18: the windows above are opened.
Vs 21: host of heaven on high (sun and moon) punished and kings of earth on earth.
Vs 23: for the lord of hosts will reign on mt Zion in Jerusalem. Does this mean all the earth will fall under a curse but Jerusalem will be glorified?
CHAPTER 25-27: are mercies, deliverance and blessing of Israel.
CHAPTER 25: Is this mercy and blessing for Isreal?
vs 1-3: song praising the Lord. Your divine judgement/wrath on nations will bring them to their knees to praise you because of Your awesome terror and power. Linked to ch 26:9.
Vs 4-5: You help the needy.
Vs 6-9: The Lord will bless this mountain. He will swallow death. He will remove the reproach of His people from all the earth. Isreal rejoices and is glad for His salvation.
Vs 10-12: the hand of the lord will rest n this mountain (installment of Gods Kingdom on earth). Moab will be trodden down.
CHAPTER 26: song of Judah. Deliverance of the Lord will come. Which is the punishment of all the nations? Link vs 21 with ch 24? link back to ch13:1-16?
CHAPTER 27: vs1: punishment of the leviathan the fleeing serpent, twisted serpent.
Vs 2-6: Israel delivered and blessed.
VS:7-12: Jacob forgiven their iniquity. A trumpet will sound and the other nations will come to worship the Lord (Egypt, Assyria and Israel mentioned united again – linked to vs ch19:16-24).
will add link to second part in post once it is up.
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